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- Verkehrsregeln Rad
- Vergleich
Radverkehrsregeln im Vergleich: Spanien vs Italien vs Deutschland vs Niederlande vs Großbritannien
Wie sich die zehn wichtigsten Regeln zwischen den fünf Herkunftsländern unserer Leser unterscheiden. Jede Zelle verlinkt auf die offizielle Quelle.
| Thema | Spanien | Italien | Deutschland | Niederlande | Vereinigtes Königreich |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helm # | Mandatory on interurban roads at all ages, and on every road for riders under 16. In towns adults need one only if they ride professionally. 200 € BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, art. 118(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Mandatory only for riders under 18 on Type 25 e-bikes / pedelecs; otherwise recommended. Codice della Strada — art. 50(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Not mandatory at any age. Strongly recommended; courts have applied contributory-negligence reductions in civil claims. ADFC — Helmpflicht in Deutschland(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Not mandatory at any age on regular bicycles. Mandatory on speed pedelecs (S-pedelec, > 25 km/h) for all ages. Rijksoverheid — Helm op de fiets(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Not mandatory at any age. The Highway Code says cyclists "should" wear one. UK Highway Code — Rule 59(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Beleuchtung # | Lights on between sunset and sunrise and in tunnels. On interurban roads at night or in poor visibility, at least one luminous or reflective element visible from 150 m (since 1 Oct 2026). A minor infraction: up to €100. BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, arts. 98 and 118(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | White/yellow front + red rear light + retroreflectors required half-hour after sunset to half-hour before sunrise, in tunnels, and in poor visibility. 26 €–102 € Codice della Strada — art. 68 / 152(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | White front + red rear active lights required after dark or in poor visibility. Battery lights legal since 2013; previously only dynamo permitted. 20 €–35 € StVZO §67(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | White or yellow front + red rear light required from dusk to dawn or in poor visibility. Battery lights legal; lights must be on the bike or the rider. 70 € Rijksoverheid — Fietsverlichting(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | White front + red rear light + red rear reflector + amber pedal reflectors required at night. BS-marked lights only; flashing legal since 2005. Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Alkoholgrenze # | 0.5 g/L blood (0.25 mg/L breath). Same as motor vehicles; enforced at random checkpoints. 500 €–1.000 € BOE — Real Decreto Legislativo 6/2015, art. 14(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | 0.5 g/L (criminal offence above 0.8 g/L), regardless of vehicle type — bicycles included. 543 €–6.000 € Codice della Strada — art. 186(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | 1.6 g/L absolute limit on bicycles (vs 0.5 g/L for cars). Anything above 0.3 g/L can trigger negligence proceedings after an incident. StGB §316 (general DUI provisions)(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | 0.5 g/L (0.2 g/L for new drivers — under 24 months licensed). Bicycles included. 140 €–1.000 € Wegenverkeerswet — art. 8(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Cycling under the influence is a separate offence (Licensing Act 1872 + Road Traffic Act 1988 s30) without a formal blood/breath limit; police use officer judgement. 0 €–1.000 € Road Traffic Act 1988 — s30(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Gruppenfahrt # | Two abreast allowed on the hard shoulder and, where there is none or it is not usable, on the necessary part of the carriageway (since 1 Oct 2026). Single file where there is no visibility, when it affects traffic flow, and from sunset to sunrise or in poor visibility. 200 € BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, art. 36(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Single file outside urban areas at night and "whenever traffic conditions require"; otherwise two-abreast permitted only inside urban areas. Codice della Strada — art. 182(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Two-abreast formally allowed since 2020 if it does not impede traffic. Larger groups (≥16 cyclists) are a "Verband" and follow vehicle rules collectively. StVO §27(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Two-abreast permitted on roads and bike paths unless it impedes other traffic; single file otherwise. RVV 1990 — art. 3(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Two-abreast permitted; Highway Code recommends single file on narrow roads or in busy traffic. UK Highway Code — Rule 66(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| E-Bike-Regeln # | Pedelecs (≤25 km/h, ≤250W) classified as bicycles. Faster / throttle-driven e-bikes (L1e-A/B) require registration, helmet, mirrors, lights, insurance. BOE — Reglamento General de Vehículos(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Pedelecs (≤25 km/h, ≤250W) classified as bicycles. Speed-pedelecs require moped registration + helmet + insurance. Codice della Strada — art. 50(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Pedelecs (≤25 km/h, ≤250W) classified as bicycles. S-Pedelecs (≤45 km/h) classed as mopeds: registration, AM licence, helmet mandatory. StVZO §63a(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Pedelecs (≤25 km/h, ≤250W) classified as bicycles. Speed pedelecs (≤45 km/h) classified as mopeds: registration plate, insurance, helmet mandatory. Rijksoverheid — Speed pedelec(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | EAPCs (≤15.5 mph, ≤250W) classified as bicycles. Faster / throttle-driven e-bikes need registration, insurance, helmet, licence. GOV.UK — Electric bikes: licensing, tax and insurance(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Gehweg-Nutzung # | Forbidden unless the local municipal ordinance explicitly permits a marked cycle track on the sidewalk. BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, art. 121(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Forbidden for adults; under-12s on bicycles ≤ 0.50m wide may use sidewalks if accompanied by an adult. Codice della Strada — art. 182(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Forbidden unless the sidewalk carries a combined-use sign (Zeichen 240/241). Children under 10 must use the sidewalk; up to age 8 mandatory. StVO §2(5)(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Forbidden on regular sidewalks. Permitted only where marked cycle paths overlap (combined sign). RVV 1990 — art. 5(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Forbidden under Highways Act 1835 s72; £50 fixed-penalty in practice. Police are advised discretion for child / vulnerable cyclists. 50 € Highways Act 1835 — s72(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Handy-Nutzung # | Holding or operating a mobile while riding is prohibited; hands-free legal. 200 € BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, art. 18(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Hand-held mobile use while riding is prohibited. 165 €–660 € Codice della Strada — art. 173(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Hand-held mobile use while riding is prohibited. 55 € StVO §23(1a)(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Holding a mobile while cycling is prohibited (since 2019). 150 € RVV 1990 — art. 61a(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | No specific offence, but "cycling without due care" can be charged. Highway Code Rule 149 advises against use. UK Highway Code — Rule 149(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Handzeichen # | Required before turning or stopping: left arm extended for left turn, right arm extended for right turn, vertical arm raised for stop. BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, art. 54(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Required before turning or stopping: extended arm in direction of turn; raised arm for stop. Codice della Strada — art. 154(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Required for turning, lane changes and stopping (StVO §9). Extended arm in direction of turn. StVO §9(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Required for turning and major lane changes. RVV 1990 — art. 17(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Highway Code rules 66 and 74 require signalling clearly before turning or stopping. UK Highway Code — Rules 66, 74(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Überholabstand # | 1.5 metres of lateral clearance mandatory when overtaking a cyclist; on interurban roads the driver must also drop to at least 20 km/h below the limit (since 1 Oct 2026). 200 € BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, art. 85(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | 1.5 metres recommended (no fixed numeric requirement). Vehicles must overtake "with adequate lateral safety distance". Codice della Strada — art. 148(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | 1.5 metres inside urban areas, 2 metres outside urban areas (since 2020). Strictly enforced. 30 € StVO §5(4)(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | No numeric minimum in law. "Safe distance" standard; courts often interpret as ≥1.0 m. RVV 1990 — art. 11(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | 1.5 m at ≤30 mph, 2.0 m above 30 mph (Highway Code Rule 163, updated 2022). UK Highway Code — Rule 163(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |
| Vorfahrt im Kreisverkehr # | Cyclists already in the roundabout have priority over vehicles entering — same as cars. Two-abreast permitted inside. BOE — Reglamento General de Circulación, art. 57(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Priority follows the signage at each entry — usually entering vehicles yield to those already in the roundabout. Codice della Strada — art. 145(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Entering vehicles yield to those in the roundabout (sign 215 + 205). Cyclists obey vehicle rules. StVO §8(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Inside urban areas, traffic in the roundabout has priority; outside urban areas, entering traffic has priority unless signed otherwise. RVV 1990 — art. 15(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) | Give way to traffic from the right. Highway Code Rule 76 recommends cyclists either signal and proceed as a vehicle or use the outer edge. UK Highway Code — Rule 76(öffnet in einem neuen Tab) |